Lupus facts and statistics resource content
How common is lupus and who does it affect?
- The Lupus Foundation of America estimates that 1.5 million Americans, and at least five million people worldwide, have a form of lupus.[1]
- Lupus strikes mostly women of childbearing age. However, men, children, and teenagers develop lupus, too. Most people with lupus develop the disease between the ages of 15-44.[2]
- People with lupus can experience significant symptoms, such as pain, extreme fatigue, hair loss, cognitive issues, and physical impairments that affect every facet of their lives. Many suffer from cardiovascular disease, strokes, disfiguring rashes, and painful joints. For others, there may be no visible symptoms.
- Our best estimate based on available data on incidence is 16,000 new cases per year. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are currently gathering updated data for all ethnic sub-populations in the US, so we anticipate this number will change. The fact remains that lupus is a devastating and life-changing disease that currently has no cure.
What are the 4 different forms of lupus?
- Systemic lupus accounts for approximately 70 percent of all cases of lupus. In approximately half of these cases, a major organ or tissue in the body, such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, or brain will be affected.[2]
- Cutaneous lupus (affecting only the skin) accounts for approximately 10 percent of all lupus cases.[2]
- Drug-induced lupus accounts for about 10 percent of all lupus cases and is caused by high doses of certain medications. The symptoms of drug induced lupus are similar to systemic lupus; however, symptoms usually subside when the medications are discontinued.[2]
- Neonatal lupus is a rare condition in which the mother’s antibodies affect the fetus. At birth, the baby may have a skin rash, liver problems, or low blood cell counts, but these symptoms typically disappear completely after six months with no lasting effects.
What is the impact of health disparities on people with lupus?
Lupus is two to three times more prevalent among women of color—African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, Asians, Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders—than among Caucasian women.[3] Recent research indicates that lupus affects 1 in 537 young African American women.
The groundbreaking LUMINA (Lupus in Minority Populations: Nature vs. Nurture) study reported that African American lupus patients are more likely to have organ system involvement, more active disease, and lower levels of social support compared with white lupus patients.
A 2014 study found that minority women tend to develop lupus at a younger age, experience more serious complications, and have higher mortality rates.
Can people die of lupus?
- It is believed that between 10-15 percent of people with lupus will die prematurely due to complications of lupus.[3] However, due to improved diagnosis and disease management, most people with the disease will go on to live a normal life span.
- The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a report in May 2002 which indicated that deaths attributed to lupus had increased over the preceding 20-year period, particularly among African American women ages 45-64. However, it is not clear if the rise is the result of an actual increase in lupus mortality or better identification and reporting of deaths due to complications of the disease.[4]
What are the economic impacts of lupus?
A 2008 study published in Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology found that the average annual direct health care costs of patients with lupus was $12,643.[5]
The study also determined that the mean annual productivity costs (lost hours of productive work) for participants of employment age was $8,659.[5]
Thus, the mean annual total costs (combining direct costs and productivity costs for subjects of employment age) was $20,924.[5]
A Lupus Foundation of America membership survey found two of three lupus patients reported a complete or partial loss of their income because they no longer are able to work full time due to complications of lupus. One in three have been temporarily disabled by the disease, and one in four currently receive disability payments.[1]
This same survey found that one in four patients receive their health care through a government-sponsored program, such as Medicare or Medicaid.[1]
What is the role of genetics in lupus?
- Genes do play a role in the predisposition to the development of lupus. There are dozens of known genetic variants linked to lupus. These genes impact both who gets lupus and how severe it is.
- 20 percent of people with lupus will have a parent or sibling who already has lupus or may develop lupus. About 5 percent of the children born to individuals with lupus will develop the illness.[2]
Although lupus can develop in people with no family history of lupus, there are likely to be other autoimmune diseases in some family members.[2]
One of three patients responding to our membership survey reported they had another autoimmune disease in addition to lupus, and almost half had a relative with lupus.[1]
How long does it take to get diagnosed with lupus?
- There are many challenges to reaching a lupus diagnosis. Lupus is known as “the great imitator” because its symptoms mimic many other illnesses. Lupus symptoms can also be unclear, can come and go, and can change.
- On average, it takes nearly six years for people with lupus to be diagnosed, from the time they first notice their lupus symptoms.[7]
- A majority (63%) of people with lupus surveyed report being incorrectly diagnosed. Of those reporting incorrect diagnosis, more than half of them (55%) report seeing four or more different healthcare providers for their lupus symptoms before being accurately diagnosed.[7]
What are the biggest burdens of living with lupus?
Responding to our membership survey, most lupus patients reported that they are coping well with lupus (78%), and that other family members are understanding and supportive (72%).[1]
84% people with lupus name other family members as their primary support network.
Participants cited pain (65%), lifestyle changes (61%), and emotional problems associated with lupus (50%) as the most difficult parts of coping with lupus.[1]
What is the state of lupus awareness?
- While lupus is a widespread disease, awareness of the disease lags behind many other illnesses.[1]
- 73% of Americans between the ages 18-34 who have either not heard about lupus or know little or nothing about lupus beyond the name. This is particularly disturbing because this is the age group at greatest risk for the disease.[1]
Key source documents:
[1] GfK Roper. (2012). Lupus Awareness Survey for the Lupus Foundation of America [Executive Summary Report]. Washington, DC [2] Pons-Estel GJ, Alarcón GS, Scofield L, Reinlib L, Cooper GS. Understanding the epidemiology and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Feb;39(4):257-68. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.10.007. Epub 2009 Jan 10. Review. [3] Wallace, D.J., & Hahn, B.H. (2013). Dubois’ lupus erythematosus and related syndromes. (8th ed.) Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders. [4] JJ Sacks, MD, CG Helmick, MD, G Langmaid, JE Sniezek, MD, Div of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/previe… [5] Turchetti, G., Yazdany, J.,Palla, I., Yelin, E., and Mosca, M. (2012). Systemic lupus erythamatosus and the economic perspective: A systemative literature review and points to consider. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 30(73), 116-122. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm… [6] Scofield, L., Reinlib, L., Alarcon, G.S., and Cooper, G.S. (2008). Employment and disability issures in systematic lupus erythematosus: A review. Arthiris & Rheumatism (59)10, 1475-1479. Retrieved from https://www.womenshealth.gov/p… [7] Al Sawah S, Daly RP, Foster S, Naegeli A, Benjamin K., Doll H., Bond G, Moshkovich O, Alarcón G. Understanding Delay in Diagnosis, Access to Care, and Satisfaction with Care in Lupus: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Online Survey in the United States. Presented at the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) 2015 Annual Conference. June 2015. Rome, Italy.
